Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering crops in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being within Cape Provinces. Varieties of the past genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped plants, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia types. Some other kinds are also harvested as ornamental vegetation.
They may be herbaceous crops which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which sends up a tuft of narrow leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of blossoms with six tepals. Many kinds have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those formerly placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have level flowers. Freesias are being used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera kinds including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plant life usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses manufactured in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the pink- and yellow-flowered varieties of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have plants which range from white to yellow, red, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated properly in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be quickly increased from seed. Because of the specific and desirable scent, they are generally used in side creams, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blooms are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the show up in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature does not fall season below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring and coil in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other types of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it offers flat alternatively than cup-shaped bouquets. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy cold dormancy which results in formation of buds within a predicted variety of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal products) are vegetation that have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous crops may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants pass away completely by the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, and they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial vegetation may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant survive under or near to the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they blossom and perish). New expansion evolves from living cells remaining on or under the ground, including root base, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody plant life that have stems above floor that continue to be alive through the dormant season and develop shoots another yr from the above-ground parts - these include trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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